Since then, the organizations have gotten closer. In 1952, UNECO's executive board authorized the organization to be represented at the Olympic Games in Helsinki ( Meier, 2017). After the foundation of the UN in 1945, discussions progressed mainly through the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The beginning of the relationship between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the United Nations (UN) can be dated back in the 1920s, when there were some discussions between Pierre de Coubertin and the League of the Nations (“La Société des Nations”), a forerunner of the UN ( Grosset and Attali, 2008). The selected studies show a contradiction between the discourse of sport mega-events guardians for supporting the United Nations Sustainable Goals (SDG) and the practice of human rights within host cities of such events. Findings showed that residents suffered either direct, forced evictions or indirect displacements.
The gigantism and the sense of urgency created by the Olympic Games may explain why this event has been frequently associated with resident displacement. In empirical studies, displacement of residents has been studied exclusively in the context of the Olympic Games, since Seoul 1988, but with a higher frequency in most recent Games (Beijing, London, and Rio). From the initial 2,372 works reviewed, 22 met the inclusion criteria. We also excluded works that associate sport mega-events with urban transformations but are not related to resident displacement.
We excluded conceptual papers, conference abstracts, and works that discuss urban transformation or displacement but are not related to sport events. Following the PRISMA protocol, we conducted a search of academic and gray literature in sport, social sciences, and humanities databases. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review to understand how empirical data have informed the knowledge about the relationship between hosting sport mega-events and displacement of host community residents.
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